Besides Earth, Mars is the only planet with a record of resurfacing process
es and environmental circumstances that indicate the past operation of a hy
drologic cycle. However the present-day conditions on Mars are far apart of
supporting liquid water on the surface. Although the large-scale morpholog
y of the Martian channels and valleys show remarkable similarities with flu
id-eroded features on Earth, there are major differences in their size, sma
ll-scale morphology, inner channel structure and source regions indicating
that the erosion on Mars has its own characteristic genesis and evolution.
The different landforms related to fluvial, glacial and periglacial activit
ies, their relations with volcanism, and the chronology of water-related pr
ocesses, are presented.