Antecedents and consequences of personal attachment in cross-cultural cooperative ventures

This study examines how personal attachments between boundary spanners with in cross-cultural international cooperative ventures (ICVs) are established and their association with venture performance. Results of analysis Republ ic of of 282 ICVs in an emerging market (People China) show that the develo pment of personal attachment depends on factors at three levels. At the ind ividual level, attachment is an increasing function of overlap in tenure be tween boundary spanners. At the organizational level, attachment is heighte ned by goal congruity between the parent firms but is impeded by cultural d istance. At the environmental level, market disturbance and regulatory dete rrence lead to strong attachments. Such attachments stimulate an ICVs proce ss performance and increase financial returns.