Mutations in the human orthologue of the mouse underwhite gene (uw) underlie a new form of oculocutaneous albinism, OCA4

Oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) affects similar to1/20,000 people worldwide. All forms of OCA exhibit generalized hypopigmentation. Reduced pigmentation during eye development results in misrouting of the optic nerves, nystagmu s, alternating strabismus, and reduced visual acuity. Loss of pigmentation in the skin leads to an increased risk for skin cancer. Two common forms an d one infrequent form of OCA have been described. OCA1 (MIM 203100) is asso ciated with mutations of the TYR gene encoding tyrosinase (the rate-limitin g enzyme in the production of melanin pigment) and accounts for similar to 40% of OCA worldwide. OCA2 (MIM 203200), the most common form of OCA, is as sociated with mutations of the P gene and accounts for similar to 50% of OC A worldwide. OCA3 (MIM 203290), a rare form of OCA and also known as "rufou s/red albinism," is associated with mutations in TYRP1 (encoding (ty) under bar rosinase-(r) under bar elated (p) under bar rotein (1) under bar). Ana lysis of the TYR and P genes in patients with OCA suggests that other genes may be associated with OCA. We have identified the mouse underwhite gene ( uw) and its human orthologue, which underlies a new form of human OCA, term ed "OCA4." The encoded protein, MATP (for "(m) under bar embrane-(a) under bar ssociated (t) under bar ransporter (p) under bar rotein") is predicted to span the membrane 12 times and likely functions as a transporter.