The reduction of junior doctors' hours and the 'Calmanisation' of higher su
rgical trainees have led to an inevitable decrease in clinical experience.
The development of subspecialisation within general surgery limits the dive
rsity of elective operative experience, while the resident surgical registr
ar continues to be faced by the same range of emergencies. Procedures such
as tracheostomy, thoracotomy and emergency buff hole, although rare in an e
mergency setting, are seldom seen by surgical trainees outside ENT, cardiot
horacic and neurosurgical departments, respectively. However, these life sa
ving procedures continue to be within the remit of the general surgeon, and
were considered as essential knowledge in the operative viva of the FRCS e
xamination.