The Akt/protein kinase B (PKB) serine/threonine kinase is well known as an
important mediator of many cell survival signaling pathways. Here, we demon
strate for the first time a major role of Akt/PKB in the cell invasion prop
erties of the highly metastatic cell line HT1080. Using confocal microscopi
c analyses of live samples, we found Akt/PKB to be localized in the leading
edge membrane area of migrating HT1080 cells. This localization was depend
ent on phosphoinositide 3-kinase and required the lipid binding ability of
the phosphoinositide binding pleckstrin homology domain of Akt/PKB. We exam
ined the possible function of Akt/PKB in HT1080 invasion. Surprisingly, Akt
/PKB potently promoted HT1080 invasion, by increasing cell motility and mat
rix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) production, in a manner highly dependent on
its kinase activity and membrane-translocating ability. The increase in MM
P-9 production was mediated by activation of nuclear factor-kappaB transcri
ptional activity by Akt/PKB. However, Akt/PKB did not affect the cell-cell
or cell-matrix adhesion properties of HT1080. Our findings thus establish A
kt/PKB as a major factor in the invasive abilities of cancer cells.