Emission spectra and modal optical gain are investigated in ultralow-thresh
old MBE-grown InAs-InGaAs quantum dot (QD) structures. The record lowest ro
om-temperature inversion current is found to be similar to 13 A cm(-2). The
rate-equation model is proposed describing the optical gain related to the
ground-state (GS) transitions in QDs. The ground-state gain goes to the ma
ximum value that corresponds to the total inversion of available levels. Th
e gain cross section for the GS emission is estimated as similar to 7 x 10(
-15) cm(2).