Flaw simulation in castings inspection by radioscopy

In order to evaluate the sensitivity of defect inspection systems, it is co nvenient to examine simulated data. This gives the possibility to tune the parameters of the inspection method and to test the performance of the syst em in critical cases. Among the non-destructive testing and evaluation comm unity there are three approaches that produce this simulated data. The firs t technique attempts to simulate flaws by superimposing masks with differen t grey values on to real X-ray images. The second approach makes a simulati on of the entire X-ray imaging process, in which casting and flaws are simu lated using CA-D models. The third method simulates only the flaws (and not the whole X-ray image of the object under test) by superimposing projectio ns of 3D models on to real X-ray images. In this paper, a review of the men tioned approaches of flaw simulation in castings is presented. References, advantages, disadvantages and examples are given for each technique.