A posteriori error estimators based on constitutive relation residuals are
developed to measure the quality of finite element computations of structur
es which exhibit plastic/viscoplastic behaviour with softening. All the cla
ssical error sources involved in the computation over the studied time inte
rval are taken into account: the space discretization (the mesh), the time
discretization and the iterative technique used to solve the non-linear dis
crete problem. Copyright (C) 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.