Sm. Cherian et al., Ultrastructural and immunohistochemical analysis of early myocardial changes following transmyocardial laser revascularization, J CARDIAC S, 15(5), 2000, pp. 341-346
Background and Aim of the Study: Transmyocardial laser revascularization (T
MR) has demonstrated significant relief in patients presenting with refract
ory angina. However, the mechanism by which TMR improves clinical symptoms
is unclear. This study analyzes the early immunohistochemical and ultrastru
ctural features of the human myocardium following TMR. Methods: Specimens o
f myocardium that contained laser channels were removed in toto at autopsy
from three male patients, ages 41, 57, and 65 (mean age 55.8) who had died
1 to 11 days (mean 6.8) following laser revascularization. Consecutive para
llel sections of specimens were stained with cell-type specific antibodies
to CD3 (to identify T-lymphocytes), CD68 (macrophages), Factor VIII (endoth
elial cells), and myosin (myocytes). Additionally, adjacent areas of myocar
dium that contained laser channels were processed and analyzed by transmiss
ion electron microscopy. Results: The internal lining surface of laser chan
nels was composed of vacuolized and condensed myocardial debris. No obvious
connections were noted between laser channels and the ventricular cavity.
No endothelialization of channels was observed, whereas the adjacent noninj
ured myocardium demonstrated microvessels lined by well-preserved endotheli
al cells. The laser channels were surrounded by zones of necrotic cardiomyo
cytes. Conclusions: Our observations suggest that laser channels are not li
ned by endothelial cells during the early stages following TMR. Mechanisms
other than direct myocardial perfusion from the ventricular cavity by paten
t endothelialized channels may explain the immediate relief from angina pro
vided by TMR.