Treatment of alcohol-dependent outpatients with acamprosate: A clinical review

Acamprosate, (calcium acetyl-homotaurine) is a synthetic compound whose che mical structure resembles that of homotaurine, a naturally occurring amino acid. Acamprosate acts centrally and appears to restore the normal activity of glutaminergic neurons, which become hyperexcited as a result of chronic alcohol exposure. Although not yet approved for use in the United States, acamprosate has been available by prescription in France since 1989 and is now available in many other countries throughout the world. This article re views data from all published double-blind,, placebo-controlled clinical tr ials of acamprosate among alcohol-dependent outpatients. Overall, patients treated with acamprosate exhibited a significantly greater rate of treatmen t completion, time to first drink, abstinence rate, and/or cumulative absti nence duration than patients treated with placebo. The drug's reliable effe ct on prolonging abstinence, in conjunction with an excellent safety profil e, suggests that acamprosate may be useful for a broad range of patients wi th alcohol dependence.