Threading dislocations in wurtzite ZnO films grown on the (11 (2) over bar0
) a plane of sapphire were studied by transmission electron microscopy. A m
ajority of the threading dislocations were found to be of screw or mixed ch
aracter. Dislocation half loops, elongated along the c axis, were observed.
It is likely that they are formed when two screw dislocations of opposite
sign attract each other during growth and combine. (C) 2001 American Vacuum
Society.