Knowledge of the properties of advanced composites leads to conclusions abo
ut the most logical ways in which they can be used. The paper considers the
elastic properties, the bond properties and the lack of ductility, and con
cludes that structures should be designed as over-reinforced, with partiall
y bonded internal tendons, and resin-free external tendons. It concludes th
at enhancement of the compression zone is possible by fibre-reinforcing or
confining the concrete, and that requirements for shear need to be totally
reworked in the absence of plasticity. It considers the economic justificat
ion of advanced composites in concrete, and concludes that innovation is st
ill required, but now on a commercial scale.