The increasing complexity of gathering and using all kinds of environmental
information, as well as the decreased funding for these activities, have l
ed to examples where local communities and community groups are taking the
lead or are cooperating with government agencies to gather such information
. Some issues that have emerged from these activities are: the validity, th
e accuracy, and precision of measurements made by the groups; the ownership
, legal status, and copyright status of the information; and the mechanisms
for formatting, storage, backup, dissemination and use of this information
in other applications. For the past 8 years, we have been designing and op
erating different types of community networks and environmental monitoring
programs with community groups, high schools, volunteer professionals and g
overnment personnel. We have incorporated environmental information systems
in Intranets for government use and ix public sites available over the Int
ernet. We have tested many different methods for data acquisition, storage,
manipulation, and delivery. We have measured the statistical variations fo
und between high school students' and professionals' monitoring activities.
At the same time, one of us (C.I. Mayfield) has been involved with the des
ign of environmental information systems for developing countries around th
e world. In this article, we present some of our results and general conclu
sions from that body of work. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights res
erved.