This study was undertaken to determine whether the transcription factor EGR
-1 expression: (1) in the primary tumor, correlates with radiation response
in terms of complete local tumor control with no evidence of disease or re
currence and no evidence of metastasis; (2) in the postirradiated biopsies
correlates with residual tumor; and (3) correlates with the expression of E
gr-1 target genes such as TP53, pRB, and Bax. The authors analyzed: ( 1) 25
pretreated surgically resected paraffin-embedded primary adenocarcinomas o
f the prostate for the presence of EGR-1 expression and mutation. and corre
lated this with clinical endpoints such as serum prostate-specific antigen
levels and current clinical status; (2) 27 postirradiated biopsies of prost
ate for the presence of EGR-1 expression, and correlated these findings to
the residual tumor status; and (3) 12 prospective prostate tumor specimens
for EGR-1 expression and its target genes. EGR-1 expression was determined
by immunohistochemistry and mutations were screened in two regions of the E
gr-1 gene (trinucleotide AGC repeats in transactivation domain [TD] and pol
y A tract in 3'UTR) by polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation
al polymorphism analysis. Of 25 patients, 18 patients showed expression of
EGR-1. EGR-1 overexpression correlated with treatment failure. No correlati
on with EGR-1 overexpression and its target genes was found, which may indi
rectly suggest that overexpressed EGR-1 may lack transactivation function.
In summary, EGR-1 overexpression in the mutant form may provide an indicati
on of clinical failure (local recurrence or metastasis).