K. Chodnikiewicz et al., LOADING OF FORMING PRESSES BY THE UPSETTING OF OBLIQUE SPECIMENS, Journal of materials processing technology, 68(1), 1997, pp. 13-18
The upsetting of oblique specimens as a means of loading forming press
es with vertical and horizontal forces is a feasible concept; however,
due to the changing distribution of conditions at the specimen interf
ace, the scope of this approach needs to be quantified. The plastic de
formation of oblique specimens was analysed using an FE code named PLA
ST2. The analysis suggests guidelines for the selection of test specim
ens and the scope of such tests; it is apparent that the lubrication c
onditions and specimen reduction, and the ratio between the vertical a
nd horizontal forces, do not remain constant over the entire course of
the deformation. Hence, the analysis of measurements of the behaviour
of the press would be meaningful if the range of uniform behaviour of
such tests was observed. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science S.A.