Conservation biology framework for the release of wild-born orphaned chimpanzees into the Conkouati Reserve, Congo

Returning confiscated animals to their native habitats is desirable when it makes a positive contribution to the conservation of the species. Release of captive Individuals is complex and controversial, however, particularly when risks are potentially high, as In the case of orphaned apes. We descri be the decision-making process that led to the successive release of 20 wil d-born orphan chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes troglodytes) into the Conkouati Reserve in the Republic of Congo. Recommendations of the Reintroduction Spe cialist Group of the World Conservation Union's Species Survival Commission were followed closely The conservation status, ecology, and behavior of wi ld chimpanzees, the biological, social, economic and political context of t he release site; and the health and genetic status of the candidates for re lease were all taken into account in the planning and execution of the proj ect. Rigorous post-release monitoring of behavior and health allowed docume ntation of the outcome. ne project was of benefit to the chimpanzees that w ere released but also brought broad benefits to the site through effective protection from poaching and deforestation, and direct and indirect benefit s to local people. ne genetic and behavioral diversity of chimpanzees requi re a variety of conservation strategies to reduce threats and maintain as m any viable wild populations as possible.