Capital utilization and work schedules: the welfare costs of shiftworking

Using physical capital longer requires either longer hours or unsocial sche dules through shiftworking. This note suggests how to incorporate shiftwork ing into a utility function. Multiple shifts are welfare decreasing because people have to forego 'better' leisure, i.e. leisure with higher value suc h as nights. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.