Important anatomic variations of the sinonasal anatomy in light of endoscopic surgery: a pictorial review

Advances in surgical techniques and instrumentations, utilization of the im aging tools, and understanding the regional anatomy have served to make fun ctional operations with less complications in the paranasal sinus area. In the context of this article, some of these anatomical structures and their variations were reviewed through images. These structures were as follows: course of the anterior ethmoidal artery; roof of the ethmoid; lamina papyra cea; uncinate process; optic nerve; and internal carotid artery.