I. Dincer et Ma. Rosen, The roles of science and technology in energy and environment research anddevelopment, INT J ENERG, 25(13), 2001, pp. 1165-1187
Countries are becoming increasingly aware of the importance of science and
technology in relation to national development and the necessity of formula
ting a concise science and technology policy. The need to strengthen and or
ient the scientific and technological infrastructure in line with national
development goals, through more effective use of an available qualified wor
k force and the higher education system, is becoming widely recognized. Con
sequently, appropriate methods of assessing the impact of science and techn
ology on national development are needed so that efforts are concentrated o
n areas potentially having substantial impacts. Numerous planning studies h
ave been undertaken to this end, particularly by international organization
s such as UNESCO, UNIDO, OECD and IEA. This study examines the inter-relati
onships of the disciplines of science and technology with energy and enviro
nment research and development (R&D) activities, particularly for developin
g countries. The connections between these topics are discussed along with
some basic methods that can be used to exploit the relations. Some illustra
tive examples are presented. It is anticipated that the present study will
serve as a preliminary step for more comprehensive work by providing an exa
mple of the utilization of formal methods in formulating science and techno
logy policy for energy and environment R&D. Copyright (C) 2001 John Wiley &
Sons, Ltd.