Automated dynamic sampling system for the on-line monitoring of biogenic emissions from living organisms

An automated system for continuous on-line monitoring of biogenic emissions is presented. The system is designed in such a way that volatiles, emitted as reaction to biotic or abiotic stress, can be unequivocally elucidated. Two identical sampling units, named target and reference bulb, are therefor e incorporated into the system and consecutively analyzed in monitoring exp eriments. A number of precautions were considered during these experiments to avoid the application of unwanted stress onto both organisms. Firstly, t he system is constructed in such a way that both bulbs are continuously flu shed, i.e. before, during and after analysis, with high purity air to avoid any accumulation of emitted volatiles. Moreover, the air is pre-humidified by bubbling it through water to sustain the biological samples for longer periods in the in vitro environment. Sorptive enrichment on polydimethylsil oxane (PDMS) was used to trap the headspace volatiles. The hydrophobic natu re of this material permitted easy removal of trapped moisture by direct fl ushing of the sampling cartridge with dry air before desorption. The system was used to monitor the emissions from in vitro mechanically wounded ivy ( Hedera helix) and of in vitro grown tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) upon cotton leafworm (Spodoptera littoralis) feeding. Differences in light and dark floral emissions of jasmine (Jasminum polyanthum) were also studied. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.