M. Kidorf et al., CONTINGENT METHADONE TAKE-HOME DOSES REINFORCE ADJUNCT THERAPY ATTENDANCE OF METHADONE-MAINTENANCE PATIENTS, Drug and alcohol dependence, 36(3), 1994, pp. 221-226
Two studies utilized within-subjects designs to determine whether take
-home methadone doses can reinforce adjunct therapy attendance of drug
abuse patients. These studies varied the reinforcement density and th
e schedule of methadone take-home doses. In Study 1, patients (n = 10)
either could or could not receive a take-home following each therapy
session. Study 2 patients (n = 15) could either earn take-homes follow
ing each therapy session attended (i.e., 2 take-homes per week) or cou
ld earn one take-home dose following each attendance to two consecutiv
e sessions attended. In both studies experimental conditions alternate
d during three-week blocks of time. Across studies, any reinforcement
by take-home doses produced more attendance at therapy sessions than t
hat observed in the no reinforcement condition. Take-home incentive ef
fects were strongest when each of the two weekly therapy sessions was
reinforced by a methadone take-home dose. Increased attendance was not
associated with reduced drug use, due perhaps to high rates of pre-st
udy drug use and limited therapy duration. Contemporary opioid abusers
present with multiple problems that methadone was never intended to t
reat. The present studies illustrate a method by which methadone treat
ment can improve the likelihood of delivering other services that may
prove effective in treating some of these problems.