Differences in PIXE signal-to-noise ratios and detection limits for conducting targets insulated with glass

Extended work, involving background effects, to confirm the charge-induced X-ray (CHIX) phenomenon is reported. PIXE studies in pure metal targets sur rounded by a special type of glass insulating material (Macor) produced hig her backgrounds, in general, compared to corresponding observations made in the absence of the insulator. Experiments were conducted using low-energy protons of 700 keV and beam currents ranging between 1-10 nA. Signal-to-noi se ratios and detection limits are compared and discussed in the light of t he unusual high X-ray yields produced by the CHIX phenomenon.