Ga. Rabinovich et al., SPECIFIC-INHIBITION OF LYMPHOCYTE-PROLIFERATION AND INDUCTION OF APOPTOSIS BY CLL-I, A BETA-GALACTOSIDE-BINDING LECTIN, Journal of Biochemistry, 122(2), 1997, pp. 365-373
beta-Galactoside-binding lectins or galectins are a family of closely
related carbohydrate-binding proteins which functions still remain to
be elucidated, Several evidence suggest they could play a role in diff
erent biological processes, such as cell growth regulation and immunom
odulation, In the present study we report that affinity-purified CLL-I
(chicken lactose lectin-I), an acidic 16-kDa galectin exhibits specif
ic growth regulatory properties, Con A-stimulated rat spleen mononucle
ar cells showed a marked dose-dependent growth inhibition upon incubat
ion with the galectin protein, Cell growth arrest was highly prevented
by galectin-specific sugars, In addition, biochemical, cytofluorometr
ical, and morphological evidence are also provided to show that these
inhibitory properties are related to a positive control in the apoptot
ic threshold of spleen mononuclear cells, Flow cytometric analysis sho
wed a dose- and time-dependent increase of cells with hypodiploid DNA
content upon exposure to CLL-I, Moreover, cells treated with CLL-I dis
played the typical ultrastructural changes compatible with apoptosis,
mainly chromatin condensation and margination along the inner surface
of the nuclear envelope, Finally, the highly characteristic ''ladder''
pattern of DNA fragmentation into oligonucleosome-length fragments of
similar to 180-200 bp could be found within 6 h of cell culture with
CLL-I, mainly in the T cell-enriched population, Induction of apoptosi
s by a beta-galactoside-binding protein highlights a potentially novel
mechanism for regulating the immune response and points to a rational
basis for the postulated immunomodulatory properties of this protein
family.