We develop an economic model of a process whose quality can be affecte
d by an assignable cause resulting in a shift of the mean of the distr
ibution of output or by incorrect adjustment of the process when it is
operating according to its capability. An xOBAR-control chart is used
to signal the assignable cause. The model is used to determine the pa
rameters of the control chart that maximize the long term-profitabilit
y of the process.