All nuclear-encoded mRNAs contain a 5' cap structure (m(7)GpppN, where N is
any nucleotide), which is recognized by the eukaryotic translation initiat
ion factor 4E (eIF4E) subunit of the eIF4F complex. The elF4E-binding prote
ins constitute a family of three polypeptides that reversibly repress cap-d
ependent translation by binding to eIF4E, thus preventing the formation of
the eIF4F complex. We investigated the biological function of 4E-BP1 by dis
rupting its gene (Eif4ebp1) in the mouse. Eif4ebp1(-/-) mice manifest marke
dly smaller white fat pads than wild-type animals, and knockout males displ
ay an increase in metabolic rate. The males' white adipose tissue contains
cells that exhibit the distinctive multilocular appearance of brown adipocy
tes, and expresses the uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), a specific marker of br
own fat. Consistent with these observations, translation of the peroxisome
proliferator-activated receptor-gamma co-activator 1 (PGC1), a transcriptio
nal co-activator implicated in mitochondrial biogenesis and adaptive thermo
genesis, is increased in white adipose tissue of Eif4ebp1(-/-) mice. These
findings demonstrate that 4E-BP1 is a novel regulator of adipogenesis and m
etabolism in mammals.