Evaluation of selected behavior change theoretical models used in weight management interventions

Purpose (1) This paper evaluates selected behavior change theoretical model s used in weight reduction interventions and presents recommendations for t he use of theory in weight reduction research. (2) Overweight and obesity are complex problems, requiring long-term behavi oral change. Behavioral treatments for overweight and obesity are as varied as the elements of behavior, and the long-term efficacy of most approaches is poor. Because of the complexity of both the problem and its treatment, investigations must target the development of cause-effect explanations. Conclusions (3) Many of the behavioral change intervention studies reviewed lacked external validity, primarily due to the failure to consider salient moderators. The theoretical models reviewed in this paper were primarily t ested on white, employed populations. These and other data suggest that ext ant theoretical approaches may not be salient in certain groups. Implications (4) Practice implications include: 1) assess indicators for re adiness to engage in weight reduction efforts; 2) base interventions on mul tiple theories; and 3) develop context-based interventions. Future research should include a focus on innovative methods in theory development, develo pment of theory acknowledging mediator/moderator interactions, development of theory in context, and development of theory reflecting cultural meaning and diversity.