Quantum correlations from local amplitudes and the resolution of the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen nonlocality puzzle

The Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) nonlocality puzzle has been recognized as one of the most important unresolved issues in the foundational aspects of quantum mechanics. We show that the problem is more or less entirely resol ved, if the quantum correlations are calculated directly from local quantit ies, which preserve the phase information in the quantum system. We assume strict locality for the probability amplitudes instead of local realism for the outcomes and calculate an amplitude correlation function. Then the exp erimentally observed correlation of outcomes is calculated from the square of the amplitude correlation function. Locality of amplitudes implies that measurement on one particle does not collapse the companion particle to a d efinite state. Apart from resolving the EPR puzzle, this approach shows tha t the physical interpretation of apparently "nonlocal" effects, such as qua ntum teleportation and entanglement swapping, are different from what is us ually assumed. Bell-type measurements do not change distant states. Yet the correlations are correctly reproduced, when measured, if complex probabili ty amplitudes are treated as the basic local quantities. As examples, we de rive the quantum correlations of two-particle maximally entangled states an d the three-particle Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger entangled state. (C) 2001 MAIK "Nauka/Interperiodica".