The BCS electron-phonon mechanism and the unconventional "hole mechanism" h
ave been proposed as explanations for the high-temperature superconductivit
y observed in MgB2. It is proposed that a critical test of which theory is
correct is the dependence of T-c on hole doping: the hole mechanism predict
s that T-c will drop rapidly to zero as holes are added, while the electron
-phonon mechanism appears to predict increasing T-c. for a substantial rang
e of hole doping. Furthermore, the hole mechanism and electron-phonon mecha
nism differ qualitatively in their predictions of the effect on T-c, of cha
nge in the B-B distances. We discuss predictions of the hole mechanism for
a variety of observables as a function of doping, emphasizing the expected
differences and similarities with the electron-phonon explanation. The hole
mechanism predicts coherence length and penetration depth to increase and
decrease monotonically with hole doping, respectively.