Effects of possible deviations of fundamental physical constants on primordial nucleosynthesis

We study the effects of possible deviations of fundamental physical constan ts on the yields of light nuclides, D-2, He-3, He-4, Li-7, and others durin g primordial nucleosynthesis. The deviations of fundamental constants from their current values are considered in the low-energy approximation of stri ng theories; the latter predict the existence of a scalar field, which, apa rt from the tensor gravitational field, determines the space geometry. A tw o-parameter (eta, delta) model is constructed for primordial nucleosynthesi s: eta = n(B)/n(gamma) is the baryon-to-photon density ratio, and delta is the relative deviation of fundamental physical constants at the epoch of pr imordial nucleosynthesis from their current values. A dependence of eta on the deviation of coupling constants delta has been derived on condition tha t the primordial helium abundance is Y-P = f(eta, delta) = const, where con st corresponds to experimental values. We thus showed that the relative bar yonic density (and hence Omega (B)) could vary over a much wider range than allowed by the standard nucleosynthesis model. Considering this result, we discuss the recently found mismatch between Omega (B) obtained from an ana lysis of CMBR anisotropy and from the standard primordial nucleosynthesis m odel. (C) 2001 MAIK "Nauka/Interperiodica".