In this work we study how optical amplifiers can deeply improve the perform
ance of the passive optical networks (PONs), permitting a large number of o
ptical network units (ONUs), transmitting at high bit rate. These high-capa
city networks are called SUPERPONs, and we show how to achieve a network wi
th 8,192 ONUs with a transmission in the downstream direction up to 10 Gbit
/s.