On the feasibility of a Doppler weather radar for estimates of drop size distribution using two closely spaced frequencies

Dual-frequency weather radar data can be gathered using a single broadband power amplifier and antenna for the purpose of estimating parameters of the hydrometeor size distribution. This is an attractive feature for observati on platforms that are limited with respect to mass or available power. Whet her useful properties of the scattering medium can be obtained from data of this type is the focus of the paper. Generally, as the center frequency or the bandwidth is decreased, the reflectivity factor difference falls below the level of the inherent signal fluctuations. Even if large numbers of in dependent samples can be gathered to permit estimates of the differential s ignals, the question remains as to whether the signal can be related unambi guously to properties of the rain or snow. Center frequencies at or near 35 GHz with bandwidths in excess of 5% give relatively strong differential si gnals. The signal, moreover, is directly related to the median mass diamete r of the size distribution. The differential mean Doppler at frequencies wh ere non-Rayleigh scattering effects are significant is also of use because the quantity depends only on the terminal velocity of the drops and is inse nsitive to the mean air and platform motion. In principle, the mean and dif ferential mean Doppler velocities from a nadir-viewing radar can be used to estimate the mean vertical air motion and the median drop diameter of the size distribution.