Acute effect of inhaled budesonide on bronchial inflammation in asthmatic rats

Although anti-inflammatory potency of inhaled corticosteroids is well estab lished, little is known about their role in the acute phase. The aim of thi s study was to compare the acute anti-inflammatory effect of inhaled budeso nide with systemic dexamethasone on allergen-induced inflammatory changes i n asthmatic rats. Eighty-four Sprague Dawley rats were divided into four gr oups: group I (control, n=24), group II (ovalbumin sensitized, n=24), group III (systemic dexamethasone, n=24), and group IV (budesonide, n=12). All g roups except group I were given ovalbumin aerosol challenges 14 days after sensitization with ovalbumin. The same procedure was applied to the control group using 0.9% saline. Group III received dexamethasone 0.3 mg/kg intrap eritoneally and group IV received inhaled budesonide 10 mL (0.5 mg/mL) twic e before the challenge. Eight hours after the challenge, bronchi of all the rats were evaluated for the degree of peribronchial inflammation. The most severe inflammation was seen in 8 of 24 rats (33%) in the second group, in 1 of 24 rats (4%) in the third group, and in 1 of 24 rats (4%) in the cont rol group. None of the rats in group IV showed severe inflammation. No stat istically significant difference was detected with respect to the presence of 3+ inflammation between the control vs. dexamethasone-, control vs. bude sonide-, and dexamethasone vs. budesonide-receiving groups. Budesonide admi nistration via nebulizer prior to exposure to an allergen may attenuate bro nchial inflammation as effectively as systemic dexamethasone in rats.