A deformation of the harmonic oscillator algebra associated with the Morse
potential and the SU(2) algebra is derived using the quantum analogue of th
e anharmonic oscillator. We use the quantum oscillator algebra or q-boson a
lgebra, which is a generalization of the Heisenberg-Weyl algebra obtained b
y introducing a deformation parameter q. Further, we present a new algebrai
c realization of the q-bosons, for the case of q being a root of unity, whi
ch corresponds to a periodic structure described by a finite-dimensional re
presentation. We show that this structure represents the symmetry of a line
ar lattice with periodic boundary conditions.