Is there an association between shift work and having a metabolic syndrome? Results from a population based study of 27,485 people

Objectives-To explore how metabolic risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) differ between shift workers and day workers in a defined population . Shift work has been associated with an increased risk of CVD. Risk factor s and causal pathways for this association are only partly known. Methods-A working population of 27 485 people from the Vasterbotten interve ntion program (VIP) has been analysed. Cross sectional data, including bloo d sampling and questionnaires were collected in a health survey. Results-Obesity was more prevalent among shift workers in all age strata of women, but only in two out of four age groups in men. Increased triglyceri des (>1.7 mmol/l) were more common among two age groups of shift working wo men but not among men. Low concentrations of high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (men <0.9 and women <1.0 mmol/l) were present in the youngest age group of shift workers in both men and women. Impaired glucose toleranc e was more often found among 60 year old women shift workers. Obesity and h igh triglycerides persisted as risk factors in shift working men and women after adjusting for age and socioeconomic factors, with an OR of 1.4 for ob esity and 1.1 for high triglyceride concentrations. The relative risks for women working shifts versus days with one, two, and three metabolic variabl es were 1.06, 1.20, and 1.71, respectively. The corresponding relative risk s for men were 0.99, 1.30, and 1.63, respectively. Conclusions-In this study, obesity, high triglycerides, and low concentrati ons of HDL cholesterol seem to cluster together more often in shift workers than in day workers, which might indicate an association between shift wor k and the metabolic syndrome.