Surgical treatment of pacemaker induced left innominate vein occlusion using a spiral vein graft

Superior vena cava syndrome due to transvenous pacing leads is an uncommon but potentially life-threatening complication. This case involves a 54-year -old man who developed left innominate vein occlusion due to a pacemaker le ad. This complication induced a progressive swelling on the left side of hi s face, neck, arm, and upper chest. The left innominate vein occlusion was surgically treated using a composite spiral saphenous vein graft. Postopera tively, the patient has received anticoagulation therapy with warfarin to p revent thrombosis and, thereby, the long-term patency of the graft. He has undergone follow-up on a regular outpatient basis without showing any recur rence of clinical symptoms.