The 12-month prevalence and characteristics of major depressive episode ina representative nationwide sample of adolescents and young adults

Background. This study set out to estimate the 12-month prevalence of DSM-I II-R major depressive episode (MDE) and to analyse factors associating with psychosocial impairment, episode duration, phenomenology and symptom sever ity in a representative general population sample of adolescents (15-19-yea r-olds) and young adults (20-24-year-olds). Method. The Finnish Health Care Survey '96 (FINHCS '96) was a cross-section al nationwide epidemiological study. A random sample of 509 adolescents and 433 young adults was interviewed in 1996. MDE was assessed by University o f Michigan Composite Diagnostic Interview Short-Form. Results. The 12-month prevalence of MDE was 5.3% for adolescents (females 6 .0%, males 4.4%) and 9.4% for young adults (females 10.7%, males 8.1%). Whe n moderate psychosocial. impairment was included in case definition, the pr evalences were lowered by 20.25%. Increased impairment was associated with drunkenness at least twice a month, a higher mean number of depressive symp toms and impaired concentration. The median episode duration was 1 month. N o factors associating with duration were found. With the exception of sympt oms related to appetite being more common among females than males, the phe nomenology of MDE was mainly independent of age and gender. Conclusions. Episodes of major depression among adolescents and young adult s in the general population are short but often associated with psychosocia l impairment, especially if frequent drunkenness coexists.