Review: from chemosphere to biosphere

An understanding of how the Earth's chemosphere was transformed to a biosph ere is central to our understanding of the origin of life and the search fo r extraterrestrial life or life signatures. Once early prokaryotic life ori ginated and colonized the Earth, the biosphere was well on its way to being formed. In this paper, information and knowledge is integrated to examine the possibility how life first self-assembled and transformed a lifeless ch emosphere into a complex biosphere that we still do not understand today.