Degradation of crude oil by marine cyanobacteria

The marine cyanobacteria Oscillatoria salina Biswas, Plectonema terebrans B ornet et Flahault and Aphanocapsa sp. degraded Bombay High crude oil when g rown in artificial seawater nutrients as well as in plain natural seawater. Oil removal was measured by gravimetric and gas chromatographic methods. A round 45-55% of the total fractions of crude oil (containing 50% aliphatics , 31% waxes and bitumin, 14% aromatics and 5% polar compounds) were removed in the presence of these cultures within 10 days. Between 50% and 65% of p ure hexadecane (model aliphatic compound) and 20% and 90% of aromatic compo unds (anthracene and phenantherene) disappeared within 10 days. Mixed cultu res of the three cyanobacterial species removed over 40% of the crude. Addi tionally, these cultures formed excellent cyanobacterial mats when grown in mixed cultures, and thus have the potential for use in mitigating oil poll ution on seashores, either individually or in combination.