An interpretation of the Talbot effect in a tapered gradient-index medium b
y number theory as the output/input relationship between the integer and th
e noninteger difference of position and the slope of rays is presented. Uni
t cell and transverse magnification for Talbot images are evaluated, and tw
o criteria for angular magnification are defined. The study is particulariz
ed to a finite set of diffracted rays. (C) 2001 Optical Society of America.