Pattern of cerebral aneurysms in Morocco: Review of the concept of their rarity in developing countries: Report of 200 cases

OBJECTIVE: Many neurosurgeons consider cerebral aneurysms to be rare in Afr ica and the Middle East. In this report, we describe the pattern of cerebra l aneurysms in Morocco and call into question the idea of their rarity in d eveloping countries. Our objective is to urge neurosurgeons in these areas to track them and to treat them under better conditions. METHODS: We report a retrospective study of 200 patients with cerebral aneu rysms admitted to our department between 1983 and 1999. The results of this study are supported by pertinent epidemiological surveys, anatomic studies on the incidence of cerebral aneurysms in Morocco, and analysis of the lit erature related to the epidemiology of aneurysms in developing countries. RESULTS: The patients in our series ranged in age from 7 to 70 years (mean age, 52 yr), with a slight female predominance (52%). They presented with s ubarachnoid hemorrhage (173 patients), cranial nerve palsy (18 patients), o r mass symptoms (9 patients). The delay between subarachnoid hemorrhage and admission ranged from 1 to 30 days (mean, 14 d). The aneurysm was located in the internal carotid artery in 42%, in the anterior communicating and an terior cerebral arteries in 28%, in the middle cerebral artery in 19%, and in the vertebrobasilar artery in 10%. Multiple aneurysms were encountered i n 9% and giant aneurysms in 15.5%. Seventeen patients died before surgery ( with vasospasm in 13 cases and rebleeding in 4 cases), and 19 died after su rgery. Follow-up, ranging between 1 and 10 years, revealed good outcomes wi th complete recovery in 64.5% and recovery with major sequelae in 7%. Pre- and postoperative mortality represented 18%; there was no operative treatme nt and no follow-up in 11.5%. CONCLUSION: Some data in this study (the delay between subarachnoid hemorrh age and admission, the high incidence of urban patients [80%], and the high rate of giant aneurysms) explain why many cases of ruptured aneurysms are not diagnosed. The analysis of our clinical series and the results of the e pidemiological surveys show that the incidence has doubled every 5 years. T hese findings confirm that cerebral aneurysms are not rare in Morocco. A cr itical reading of the published articles claiming a low incidence of cerebr al aneurysms in Africa, the Middle East, and Asia shows that this conclusio n is not based on accurate and reliable statistical studies. Neurosurgeons in these regions should abandon this idea of rarity, and they should search for arterial cerebral aneurysms and develop the optimum conditions for the treatment of patients with aneurysms.