Prostate cancer is the most common malignancy among men in many develo
ped countries. One-fourth of prostate cancers are diagnosed at metasta
tic stage but there is no curative treatment for such disease and pall
iative androgen withdrawal therapy remains the most used one. Thus, un
derstanding the molecular events that underlie the development and pro
gression of prostate cancer could help to answer many clinical questio
ns on its treatment. In this review article, I want to illustrate some
of the most interesting findings (by fluorescence in situ hybridizati
on and comparative genomic hybridization) in the molecular cytogenetic
s of prostate cancer.