M. Knoche et al., Studies on water transport through the sweet cherry fruit surface: II. Conductance of the cuticle in relation to fruit development, PLANTA, 213(6), 2001, pp. 927-936
Water conductance of the cuticular membrane (CM) of sweet cherry (Prunus av
ium L. cv. Sam) fruit during stages II and III (31-78 days after full bloom
, DAFB) was investigated by gravimetrically monitoring water loss through s
egments of the exocarp. Segments were mounted in stainless-steel diffusion
cells, filled with 0.5 ml of deionized water and incubated for 8 h at 25 +/
- 2 degreesC over dry silica. Conductance was calculated by dividing the am
ount of water transpired per unit surface area and time by the difference i
n water vapor concentration across the segment (23.07 g m(-3) at 25 degrees
C). Fruit mass and fruit surface area increased 4.9- and 2.8-fold between 3
1 and 78 DAFB, respectively. However, CM mass per unit area decreased from
3.9 to 1.5 g m(-2), and percentage of total wax content remained constant a
t about 31 %. Stomatal density decreased from 0.8 to 0.2 mm(-2) (31-78 DAFB
). Total conductance of the CM on the fruit cheek (g(tot)) remained constan
t during stage II of development (approx. 1.38x10(-4) in s(-1) from 31 to 3
7 DAFB), increased to 1.73x10(-4) in s-1 during early stage III of fruit gr
owth (43-64 DAFB) then decreased to 0.95x 10(-4) in s(-1) at maturity (78 D
AFB). Partitioning g(tot) into cuticular (g(cut)) and stomatal conductance
(g,,) revealed that the relative contribution of g(cut) to g(tot) increased
linearly from 30% to 87% of g(tot). between 31 and 78 DAFB, respectively.
On a whole-fruit basis, g(tot). and g(cut) consistently increased up to 64
DAFB, and decreased thereafter. A significant negative linear relationship
was obtained between g(cut) and CM thickness, but not between the permeabil
ity coefficient (p) and CM thickness. Further, p was positively related to
strain rate, suggesting that strain associated with expansion of the fruit
surface increased p.