Soils with andic properties have a high anion retention capacity, which is
mainly related to the large amounts of active Al and Fe compounds that they
contain. The phosphate (PO4) and sulfate (SO4) sorption capacity of soils
with andic properties from Galicia, NW Spain, was investigated. Phosphate s
orption experiments were conducted by adding 1.6, 16.1, and 48 mM KH2PO4 to
soils, and those of sulfate by adding 0.4 and 1.6 mM K2SO4 (ratio of soil:
solution, 1:10). The pH of the extracts was measured, as were the levels of
PO4 (only in the PO4 experiments), SO4, Si, and dissolved organic carbon.
The soils retained much higher amounts of PO4 than of SO4. Surface horizons
displayed a higher capacity than subsurface horizons for retaining PO4 but
not for retaining SO4. The PO4 retention capacity was related to the sum o
f contents of oxalate extractable-Al (Al-o) and -Fe (Fe-o), which tended to
increase with soil organic carbon content and was mainly attributed to the
presence of Al-humus complexes. Sorption of PO4 primarily produced displac
ement of dissolved organic carbon, Si, and SO4 into solution and increases
in solution pH, whereas sorption of SO4 only generated increases in solutio
n pH. The low ability of SO4 anions to displace sorbed organic C mainly exp
lains why surface horizons retained similar or even smaller amounts of SO4
than subsurface horizons, despite the higher Al-o and Fe-o contents of the
former. The results emphasize the different affinities of PO4 and SO4 for r
eactive surfaces and the interaction of organic C in sorption processes.