It is found by simulations that three-dimensional images of surface atoms c
an be reconstructed from the intensity data along rods in surface X-ray dif
fraction. The intensity variations along the rods are interpreted as a holo
gram created by the interference between the diffracted wave by the known s
ubstrate and that by the unknown surface structure. (C) 2001 Elsevier Scien
ce B.V. All rights reserved.