Booker T. Washington's Tuskegee Institute, founded in 1881 as a secondary s
chool for African Americans, was built with the help of white designers, tr
ustees, and donors who shared planning decisions until the black architects
and landscape architects that earlier studies have revealed. Widely known
as an oasis of racial peace even when southern states were disfranchising A
frican Americans, legalizing discrimination, and denying educational parity
--and when lynchings and white-on-black mob violence were on the rise--Tusk
egee shared educational ideals with progressive northern schools, an archit
ectural iconography with the white South, and even sleeping quarters with i
ts white guests.