High genetic variability for resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis toxins in a single population of diamondback moth

The long-term benefit of insecticidal products based on Cry toxins, either in sprays or as transgenic crops, is threatened by the development of resis tance by target pests. The models used to predict evolution of resistance t o Cry toxins most often are monogenic models in which two alleles are used. Moreover, the high-dose/refuge strategy recommended for implementation wit h transgenic crops relies on the assumption that the resistance allele is r ecessive. Using selection experiments, we demonstrated the occurrence in a laboratory colony of diamondback moth of two different genes (either alleli c or nonallelic) that confer resistance to Cry1Ab. At the concentration tes ted, resistance was dominant in one selection line and partially recessive in the other. Resistant insects from the two selection lines also differed in their cross-resistance patterns. The diamondback moth colony was derived from a field population from the Philippines, which originally showed a di fferent resistance phenotype. This is the first time that an insect populat ion has been directly shown to carry more than one gene conferring resistan ce to the same Cry toxin.