Chemical characterization of lipid A from some marine proteobacteria

Lipids A from type and wild strains of marine Proteobacteria belonging to A lteromonadaceae (Alteromonas (I species), Idiomarina (I species), and Pseud oalteromonas (8 species) genera) and Vibrionaceae (Shewanella (1 species) a nd Vibrio (1 species) genera) families and Marinomonas genus (I species) we re isolated by hydrolysis of their respective lipopolysaccharides with 1% a cetic acid. Based on thin-layer chromatography data, the lipids A studied h ad low heterogeneity and generated family-specific patterns varying in numb ers of bands and their chromatographic mobility Total chemical analysis of the compounds showed that they contained glucosamine, phosphate, and fatty acids with decanoate (L zobellii KMM 231(T) lipid A) or dodecanoate (lipids A of the other bacteria) and 3-hydroxy alkanoates as the major fatty acid components, Unlike terrestrial bacterial lipids A, lipids A of marine Prote obacteria had basically monophosphoryl (except V. fluvialis AQ 0002B lipid A with its two phosphate groups) and pentaacyl (except S. alga 48055 and V. fluvialis AQ 0002B lipids A which were found to have six residues of fatty acids per molecule of glucosamine disaccharide) structural types, low toxic ity, and may be useful as potential endotoxin antagonists.