Demineralized bone matrix, bone morphogenetic proteins, and animal models of spine fusion: an overview

Preclinical investigations on the use of bone morphogenetic I proteins (BMP ) in the spine have yielded promising results. This has led to the prelimin ary introduction of these growth factors in controlled clinical trials. Ini tial data made available suggest that these differentiating factors will pl ay a major role in the treatment of spinal disorders in the future. This ar ticle reviews key preclinical studies and their results that formed the bas is for introduction into clinical trials. Non-primate and non-human primate models of spine fusion with BMP are reviewed objectively, and important is sues regarding carrier, dose, and site of implantation are discussed. Final ly, exciting new gene therapy research is dis cussed, with comments made on its applicability for the future.