A forensic classification of distortion in human bite marks

The occurrence of distortion in human bite marks is well recognised. A fore nsic classification of distortion is suggested which is based upon the caus ative factors and their inter-relationships. The terms primary distortion a nd secondary distortion are introduced and described. The objective of this classification is to emphasise the need for a scientific approach to the r ecognition and interpretation of the types of distortion found in human bit e marks. The relationships between distortion, distinctive features and sup erimposition techniques in bite mark analysis are discussed. (C) 2001 Elsev ier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.