Fractal-shaped antennas and their application to GSM 900/1800

The design of multiband and small antennas has been a challenging problem i n the field of electromagnetics engineering for decades. Basically, the pro blem is that the overall size of the antenna is directly linked to the wave length such that both a multiwavelength operation and a size reduction beco me difficult. Although several approaches have been widely proposed in the literature, all of them have been based on particular solutions for specifi c applications. Recently, the introduction of the fractal technology and so me of its first practical applications has opened a wide-scope of new chanc es in the development of multifrequency and small antennas.